Internet

What is INTERNET?

• The term internet was originally coined in the 1970s.
• The internet, sometimes called simply “the Net”, is a world wide system of computer networks.
• Network is which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers) that running internet protocol.

Internet History

• It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S government in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANet.
• The originally aim was to create a network that would allow users of a research computer at one university to be able to “talk to” research computers at other universities.
• Aside benefit of ARPANet’s design was that, because messages could be routed or rerouted in more than one direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster.

Important Term in Internet

1. World Wide Web (www)

• The system that consist the collection of home page from the whole world that support special formatted documents.
• A group of internet sites interconnedted by means of hypertext, providing access to text, images and sound.

2. Home Page

• This is the main page on a Website.
• Usually this page will point to all other pages on the site and will the page people come to first.
• This can be used to welcome visitors to your site and tell them a little about what your site is about and/or who you are.

3. Web browser

• The application program that serves as the primary method for accessing the World Wide Web.
• In order to view a Web Site, its address (URL), such as www.computerlanguage.com, is typed into search box at the top of the browser, and the site’s home page is retrieved.
• Browser has numerous features including bookmarks(Favorites) that stores the addresses (URLs) of frequently used pages.
• Example of the web browser is Microsoft Internet Explorer, Firefox, Netscape Communicator and Mosaics.

4. Search Engine

• A place on the Net, where one goes to find sites about specific information.
• The example of search engine is www.yahoo.com, www.exite.com, www.google.com, www.catca.com and www.cari.com.my.

5. Internet Protocol / IP address

• An IP address is a numerical label that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network utilizing the Interfor communication between its nodes.
• An IP address serves two principal functions in networking: host identification and location addressing.
• The format of an IP address is a 32 bit numeric address is written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example 1.160.10.240

6. Domain Name System

• The domain name system(DNS) is the way that Internet domain name are located and translated into Internet Protocol.
• Example : 161.139.57.254 is an IP Address for organization called Syarikat ABC www.abc.com.my
• The last domain name consist two categories :

a) Geografic zone – country code such as my – Malaysia, sg – Singapore, au – Australia, jpn – Japan

b) Organization type – function of the organization such as com – commercial, edu – research and education, net – network and support, int – international and mil – military agency.

7. HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTP 

a) The definition of HTTP is a technical specification of a network protocol that software must implement. It is provides a standard for Web browsers and servers to communicate.

b) Example : http://poliperlis.edu.my

8. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 

a) HTML is the predominant markup language to create and format a web document. 

b) It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, quotes, and other items.

c) It allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive pages.